
Failure is a hot topic in the startup community: from events like FailCon to the popular principle of “failing fast, failing cheap” that fuels lean startups, failure is the new success in come circles.
Of course, what makes failure sexy is learning from it. Otherwise, there’s no arc to your story, no “overcoming adversity against all odds” happy ending. And let’s face it: not all failure is created equally.
Jonah Lehrer makes this precise point in his article, “The Art of Failing Successfully,” published in the WSJ on October 29th. Only whats neat is he has science to back him up, not just flowery language. Turns out, scientists (fancy!) have discovered that every mistake generates two reactions in the human brain:
- Error-Related Negativity (ERN): is the reaction that appears about 50 milliseconds after you eff up, and is almost involuntary. It’s that gut “oh sh**” reaction that I hate.
- Error Positivity (PE): is the reaction that happens next, about 100 to 500 milliseconds after you eff up, where you begin to dwell on your error.
As it turns out, people with strong ERN reactions (big “OH SH**s”, as opposed to baby “opps”) and strong PE learn the most from their mistakes. They dwell longer because they feel it more in their gut. (I made that correlation up, so take that part with a grain of salt).
What’s far more interesting, however, is how you can condition your brain to learn from your mistakes. There are two types of people in this world: those who think failure results from stupidity (and have low ERN & PE reactions), and those who think failure is the precursor to growth (and have high ERN & PE reactions). Its tempting to assume that your brain’s reaction sets your mindframe: but evidence shows it may be the other way around.
A certain Dr. Dweler took several hundred fifth graders and randomly assigned them to two separate praise conditions: one group was praised for being smart, where the other was praised for their efforts. When it came time for standardized tests, the “smart” group saw their scores drop by about 20%, whereas the “try your best” group scored 30% higher. Turns out, the group that was praised for working hard became “less afraid of making mistakes and routinely transformed their failure into success.” The “smart” group, on the other hand, began to see their intelligence as fixed. When they failed, it meant they were just stupid. There was no redemption to be had, although they did experience low ERN & PE brain reactions.
Moral of the story: seeing the good in failure is often a product of your mindset. New York is a place of brilliant over-achievers: its easy for us to put all of our faith in our brainpower alone. But, believe in the hustle and acknowledge that we’re all a work in progress, and maybe you’ll be better able to cope when the inevitable happens: you eff up.

Wiser words from Seth Godin on failure here.
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